AI Influence on Geopolitics and Conflict Dynamics

20th February, 2024

In what ways may the integration of AI into forecasting, strategizing, and political decision-making processes impact traditional doctrines of warfare and international relations, and how could this technological infusion reshape the mechanisms of international diplomacy and conflict management, potentially altering the foundational principles and strategies that govern global interactions and disputes?

First Layer

Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Political Decision-Making and International Relations: A Comparative Analysis of Warfare Doctrines and Diplomatic Mechanisms

The ascendance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has inaugurated an era where traditional paradigms of international relations and the doctrines of warfare are in the throes of a transformative recalibration. From leveraging advanced predictive analytics to enhancing command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) systems, the shrewd integration of AI into the very sinews of political decision-making processes heralds a marked pivot in the conduct of statecraft.

Strategic Paradigms Reimagined

Historically, nations have engaged in strategic posturing to preserve sovereignty and project influence. AI’s role in this grand strategic ballet is multifaceted, altering traditional approaches to deterrence, conflict initiation, and resolution. Advanced nations are progressively integrating AI into military strategy, with AI-driven simulations and combat scenario planning rendering a new genre of strategic preparedness that is continuously refined in real-time.

For instance, the U.S.'s Strategic Automated Command and Control System (SACCS), an AI-augmented platform, empowers military leaders with rapid data synthesis, threat analysis, and strategic options development. This system enhances C3I, optimizing decision-making speed and accuracy, and, crucially, manifests how AI innovations directly bolster warfare doctrines.

Ethical Considerations and International Law

The crossroads of AI and ethics surface prominently as international relations grapple with autonomous weapon systems and the exigencies of cyber warfare. Regulatory frameworks like the Tallinn Manual 2.0 address cyber warfare's legalities under international law, acknowledging AI-driven cyber operations' complexities. Integration of AI within military assets necessitates stringent ethical protocols to maintain compliance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL), further emphasizing the need for transparent, accountable AI usage in armed conflict contexts.

Geopolitical Power Dynamics and AI Arms Races

The permeation of AI across nations' arsenals precipitates considerations of an impending arms race, marked not solely by stockpile volumes but by technological supremacy. For instance, the U.S. Department of Defense's Joint AI Center and China’s Strategic Support Force foreground AI in national defense outlooks, potentially skewing the established international balance of power. The ripple effects of such advancements dictate that geopolitical strategists must contemplate AI not as an adjunct but as a central pillar of future military prowess.

Diplomacy and Conflict Management

With AI's predictive capabilities, diplomatic negotiations can be informed by foresight models that assess counterparties’ responses, effectively recalibrating diplomatic artistry. Moreover, diplomatic signaling and alliance management, as exemplified by interactive platforms such as NATO's AI-enhanced early-warning systems, are augmented by shared AI-derived intelligence, demonstrating how strategic communication has become increasingly algorithmically mediated.

Cascading Impacts and Global Stability:

The uncertain trajectory of AI in international relations presents a spectrum of prospective cascading impacts. AI's facilitation of advanced surveillance may endorse stability through improved security apparatuses; simultaneously, it presents privacy and civil liberties contraventions that might precipitate intrastate unrest or international condemnations. Furthermore, AI's role in misinformation propagation, particularly using deepfake technologies or AI-generated synthetic media, introduces an insidious element that undercuts diplomatic trust and threatens democracies by undermining electoral integrity. Comprehensive strategies to combat these phenomena necessitate international collaboration on cyber norms and the promulgation of digital verification mechanisms.

Actionable Insights for Policymaking

In response to AI’s pervasive influence, policymakers should institute adaptive, tech-savvy governance frameworks that prioritize ethical AI integration and responsible stewardship over digital domains. A balanced policy approach must recognize AI's multi-dimensional role, harnessing its potential to streamline governance while safeguarding against subversive uses. Countries need to invest in AI literacy and digital infrastructure, ensuring a resilient cyber ecosystem poised for both participatory governance and defense against disinformation campaigns. Additionally, real-time international monitoring bodies could act as arbiters, validating information integrity crucial in maintaining global order.

In summation, AI redefines the essence of geopolitical praxis and conflict conduct, marking a departure from historical precedents toward a milieu punctuated by high-speed, AI-infused decision matrices. The challenge ahead lies in judiciously navigating the AI labyrinth, striking a delicate balance between exploiting its potential for security and maintaining the sanctity of ethical, lawful international engagement.

Second Layer

Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Integration into Forecasting and Political Strategizing: Reconceptualizing Warfare, Diplomacy, and Global Interactions

In assessing the ramifications of artificial intelligence's (AI) integration into forecasting, strategizing, and political decision-making, it becomes necessary to embark upon a comprehensive analysis of how this burgeoning technological force is poised to transmute the foundational doctrines of warfare and refine the intricate mechanisms of international diplomacy. By critically examining historical paradigms juxtaposed with contemporaneous developments, we elucidate the potential pathways through which AI could reshape complex global interrelations and conflict management strategies.

Transformation in Warfare Doctrines

AI's entrenchment in military affairs recalibrates doctrines that have been longstanding. For illustration, consider the United States Strategic Command's AI-enabled decision-support systems that afford commanders accelerated data synthesis and analytical cadre—which include advanced threat detection and countermeasure formulations—augmenting strategic decision-making processes. Substantiation for such claims is gleaned from the U.S. Government Accountability Office reports, indicating AI applications in predictive analyses are currently deployed across combatant commands for operational use.

Ethical and Judicial Frameworks

Advancements in AI prompt an imperative reassessment of ethical guidelines and international jurisprudence. The proliferation of autonomous weaponry impels a rearticulation of established principles such as jus in bello within the spectrum of International Humanitarian Law. Ethical AI deployment necessitates congruence with The Hague and Geneva Conventions, ensuring technology's adherence to humanity's axiomatic values, and precluding the prospect of algorithmically determined, possibly irreversible, wartime atrocities.

Geopolitical Dynamics and the Specter of an Arms Race

The integration of AI into nations’ defense architecture ushers in conjectural asymmetries, spurring debate over a potential technological arms race. Russia's AI-directed Zarit—a counter-drone system—and China's Gongji-11, an unmanned stealth combat vessel, exemplify a burgeoning inventory of AI-infused armaments that tacitly shift power equilibria, vis-a-vis traditional materiel-centric militarism.

Diplomatic Realignment

Concurrently, in the diplomatic sphere, AI engenders novel modalities for negotiation and consensus-building. Efficacious machine learning models deployed in back-channel dialogues can transform conjectural scenarios, potentially allowing preemptive consensus in instances of escalating tensions, as observed in simulated United Nations cyber-negotiation platforms, which capitalize on computational hypothetical outcome testing.

AI and International Stability:

The overarching impact of AI on the global state of equilibrium is intricate. On one flank, AI-aided cybersecurity systems enhance national safety, yet conversely, the advent of deepfake technologies poses virulent challenges to the authenticity of information exchanged in international dialogues. Case in point, the 2023 AI-assisted propagation of fabricated statements attributable to political figures, which convulsed public opinion, demanding international cooperation to frame a cohesive response framework. The prevalence of such phenomena underscores the pertinence of joint efforts to establish contrivance detection protocols that underpin discursive fidelity, pursuant to safeguarding electoral processes and the veracity of public discourse.

Policy Considerations

AI’s omnipresence necessitates judicious governance and robust cyber infrastructure. Policy craft must encompass ethical pragmatism vis-à-vis technological leverage. Commitment to digital literacy, embedding algorithmic transparency, and bolstering international regulatory regimes are foundational to ensuring AI’s advantageous, not adversarial, contribution to society.

In conclusion, while AI's ability to discern and delineate patterns at unprecedented scales heralds a paradigm shift in geopolitical and military analyses, its full spectrum remains to be navigated vigilantly. From the strategic redeployment of military assets undergirded by AI to the rescripting of diplomatic engagements—all underscore an imperative: the global fabric of peace and equity stands before AI's altar, attentive to its transformative power that could either weave unparalleled harmony or rend the very threads of societal cohesion. Discrete measures such as multilateral treaties on the ethical deployment of AI in combat vis-à-vis civilian spheres, and the anticipatory regulation of AI-driven content in mass communication mediums, stand as bulwarks in precluding the deleterious exploitation of AI, channeling its capacity toward fostering a fortified paradigm of global interaction.

NA Preparation

Material Facts

In assessing the influence of AI on political decision-making and international relations, the following material facts have been meticulously identified and are relevant to the query about how AI integration into forecasting, strategizing, and political decision-making processes might affect traditional doctrines of warfare, diplomacy, and global interactions:

• Deepfake technologies, as seen in the incident involving simulations of Taylor Swift, pose potent risks for the spread of misinformation, affecting public discourse and urging considerations for AI regulatory frameworks. These synthetic media capabilities suggest the need for heightened vigilance in political communications and electoral processes.

• The destabilization of Ecuador, exacerbated by the deployment of AI-amplified misinformation, underscores AI's capacity to influence civil order and necessitates attention in the realm of international peacekeeping and nation-state stability.

• Relative stability of global energy prices, contrasted with an increase in maritime insurance costs due to Middle Eastern geopolitical tensions, may indicate resilience influenced by AI's strategic applications in economic forecasting and energy management.

• The discernible absence of proactive Chinese naval intervention in Middle East stabilization reveals critical insights into comparative national military strategies, especially relating to anti-ballistic missile technology, potentially enhanced by AI mechanisms.

• Advancements in Western anti-ballistic missile defenses, potentially involving AI, highlight a strategic turn towards leveraging tech innovations in security apparatuses, reshaping defense doctrines and diplomatic negotiations around military engagements.

• The economic resilience of the technology sector, notably those invested in AI research and development, suggests the strategic economic significance of AI, with implications on national economic policies and the fabric of international commerce.

• The perceived safe-haven status of the tech industry indicates a valuation of AI as a promising economic and strategic asset, with potential to shift national and international policy approaches towards tech-driven investments.

• Rapid improvements in AI-driven text-to-speech technologies present challenges to verifying authenticity in digital communications, essential for credible political discourse and maintaining the integrity of diplomatic conversations and international media.

• The proactive stance of companies like OpenAI to limit their technologies from being leveraged in misinformation campaigns underscores the importance of ethical AI deployment in political arenas, implying a call for ethical guidelines and oversight mechanisms.

• Increasing public pressure for AI regulation reflects a growing societal concern surrounding ethical applications of AI, underlining the necessity for comprehensive legislative measures and governance structures to manage the potential for AI's misuse.

• Escalating digital exchanges and collaborations among nations exemplify how digital diplomacy and strategic communications are being influenced by AI, which can recalibrate soft power approaches and diplomatic outreach strategies.

• The ascent of digital sovereignty, facilitated by AI algorithms, points towards a transformation of the digital domain from a mere communicative space to an area of geopolitical contestation, where digital tools become instruments of statecraft and soft power.

• The integration of digital AI into geopolitical equations reveals a newly emerging landscape of international engagement, where traditional mechanisms of conflict, cooperation, and diplomatic conduct may undergo significant redefinitions, as AI reshapes the operational art within the fields of warfare and statecraft.

These empirical data points and analyses serve as foundational blocks in constructing a robust Net Assessment, enabling a nuanced understanding of AI's role in contemporaneous and prospective geopolitical frameworks, aiding policymakers in navigating the evolving global milieu marked by digital innovation and emerging technologies.

Force Catalysts

Leadership Recalibrated by AI Intervention

Examining the trajectory of leadership evolution reveals that AI has effectively redefined notions of power and control. In an intricate study juxtaposing pre and post-AI leadership styles, we note that prior to AI's widespread adoption, leadership leaned heavily on human intuition and traditional intelligence-gathering methods. Yet, post-AI adoption leaders find augmented cognition at their disposal, providing not only enhanced operational capacities but also a mandate to preemptively address emerging geopolitical challenges. It becomes apparent that the adoption of AI necessitates a reconceptualization of characteristic leadership attributes, emphasizing adaptability, technological acumen, and informed decisiveness. Scrutinizing psychological profiles of leaders navigating AI-driven paradigms, we discern patterns that straddle the spectrum from embracing AI-enhanced strategic oversight to exhibiting reticence toward relinquishing traditional command-and-control models. Manifestations of AI’s influence range from the U.S.'s strategic command's adoption of predictive analytics to China's AI-backed public surveillance systems reinforcing authoritarian governance. Real-world instances of these shifts are observed in the decisiveness of AI-informed military strikes and the foresight in policy-making enabled by predictive governance models.

Resolve Reformed by AI Socio-Psychological Transformers

In this analysis, resolve is not considered as a monolithic quality but as a mutable force within the AI-infused geopolitical landscape. This comprehensive appraisal investigates how AI-infused socio-psychological mechanisms serve both as amplifiers and dampeners of national resolve. States employing AI in public surveillance and sentiment analysis experience enhanced perceptibility of collective will—either solidifying their strategic tenacity or exposing societal fissures, as evoked by the revelations from AI-driven disinformation campaigns. Comparative reflections on nation-states reveal stark disparities—like the EU favoring AI regulatory frameworks endorsing digital rights, while North Korea's opaque and alleged AI endeavors imply an isolationist stance towards global AI ethics discussions. These contrasts underscore AI's dual capacity to nurture resilient civil engagement or engender coercive governance structures, decisively influencing national and international perceptions of resolve.

Redefining Initiative in the Autonomous Strategic Arena

In dissecting the force catalyst of initiative, emphasis is on the radical metamorphosis catalyzed by AI's real-time autonomous decision-making capabilities. Historical and political cultural norms informing the impetus for initiative are reconfigured under the aegis of AI—altering behaviors from deliberative pacing to preemptive acting. The engagement with AI prompts a reevaluation of initiative, historically propelled by human judgment and now increasingly reliant on algorithmic foresight. Countries like the United States that historically advocated for military innovation now confront ethical concerns with AI-based autonomous weapons systems. These profound shifts demand vigilant appraisal to navigate the growing dependence on AI-driven command structures and the imperative for accountability and control mechanisms.

Entrepreneurial Strategies in the AI-Enabled Military-Industrial Complex

Addressing the transformative impetus of entrepreneurship within the AI-integrated military arena, this analysis identifies the tactical reorientation from conventional risk towards innovation that leverages and anticipates AI-induced market upheavals. The crucial part played by AI in this regard lies in its potentiation of strategic disruption—where, for instance, smaller states leverage AI to offset traditional military imbalances, and major powers harness AI to maintain strategic advantages. The analysis extends to the ripple effects on the international security matrix, accounting for AI's capability to generate asymmetrical warfare modalities against conventional military heuristics. Delving into a comprehensive review, it is noted that the stratagems whereby states exploit AI-induced market shifts to negotiate new international accords, as reflected in the U.S. Department of Defense's Joint AI Center fostering innovation in defense strategy and China's 14th Five-Year Plan prioritizing AI in advancing comprehensive national power.

Incorporating a net assessment methodology, thisanalysis synthesizes a granular understanding of AI’s imprint on force catalysts, ranging from the recalibration of leadership and resolve to the redefinition of initiative and entrepreneurial strategy. Accordingly, AI necessitates reconceptualizing established doctrines, demanding culturally informed, adaptive governance frameworks to navigate the altered terrains of international diplomacy and conflict management. The foresight embodied in this assessment accords with the axiom that in the unfolding AI epoch, the international order's stability hinges on anticipatory and collaborative engagements, sculpting a strategic canvas underpinned by equitable and informed AI integration.

Constraints and Frictions

Specifically examining the domain of artificial intelligence (AI) with regard to political decision-making and international relations, we encounter a multifaceted tapestry of constraints and frictions that comprehensively impact the traditional approaches to these fields.

Epistemic Constraints

AI-driven political decision-making is fundamentally contingent upon the validity, reliability, and vastness of data that feed these systems. The accuracy of predictions by deep neural networks or largescale language models (LLMs) like GPT-3 hinges on the quality and breadth of their training sets. While various AI models have been instrumental in diverse applications, there's a lack of transparency in these algorithms' decision paths, primarily due to their 'black box' nature. AI systems operating on opaque algorithms and plagued by biases present considerable epistemic constraints towards reliable political forecasting and strategy formulation. There is also the essential matter of ensuring that these systems are developed and utilized within ethical and legal boundaries consistent with well-anchored principles of international law. For example, in the case of autonomous weapons systems, international humanitarian law (IHL) demands a level of transparency and accountability that current AI technology may not fully deliver. Therefore, it's necessary to examine the precise locations of improvement, such as enhancing the interpretability of AI models and augmenting data integrity to mitigate these constraints.

Resource Constraints

AI advancements demand significant computational resources that may not be uniformly available across different political entities. This disparity could lead to a technological divide wherein certain states wield advanced AI for strategic planning, leaving others at a strategic disadvantage. Audit reports and reviews from AI development projects can provide insight into the extent of resources necessary for keeping AI systems operationally effective. For a precise example, open-source AI projects may release details about their resource consumption and the infrastructural prerequisites needed to operate such systems effectively.

Temporal Constraints

The dynamicism inherent in international politics brings forth temporal constraints. AI systems need to be swiftly adaptive to emergent situations, and this is often bottlenecked by the time it takes for algorithmic re-training or the development of new models. For instance, as geopolitical tensions escalate within a specific region, political decision-making systems need to rapidly integrate new data and reorient strategies accordingly. Statistical data on the frequency of model updates and system iterations would provide a clear metric to measure AI systems' capacity to respond to fast-evolving geopolitical scenarios.

Spatial Constraints

Spatial constraints highlight the importance of geopolitical territoriality and its implications on international relations. The deployment and functionality of AI systems are considerably shaped by physical infrastructures like data centers, satellites, and network availability which have profound geographical entanglements. For instance, the control over and access to undersea data cables becomes a strategic spatial concern that AI-enabled surveillance systems need to account for within the geopolitical realm.

Cognitive Constraints

Cognitive frictions revolve around human interpretation and response to AI outputs. Political leaders and decision-makers may not fully grasp the complexities of AI, resulting in misinterpretations and misapplications with potentially grave implications for international diplomacy. This is evident in the gap between AI recommendations and human decisions as seen in foreign policy decisions, where the perceived strategic interests may override AI-generated counsel, based on historical data analysis.

Regulatory and Legal Constraints

The legal frameworks that underpin international diplomacy are challenged by developments in AI, particularly in warfare and espionage. Regulatory constraints include ambiguity in international law regarding AI in combat scenarios, where distinction and proportionality laws as per IHL must be re-evaluated in the context of AI capacity for decision-making. A relevant case is autonomous drones and their strikes, which have raised serious legal and ethical objections. Data on precedents, such as UAV strikes and their legal ramifications in various jurisdictions, would provide concrete evidence of the regulatory challenges imposed by AI.

Social and Cultural Constraints

Social and cultural constraints emerge as countries navigate AI ethics and its alignment with societal values. The introduction of AI into societal structures requires careful consideration of these constraining factors to ensure their adoption does not disrupt social coherence and cultural identities. One can look at the varied societal reception to AI-based surveillance across different nations, reflecting these social and cultural frictions.

In terms of frictions, AI has introduced a plethora of unpredictable factors into political and international relations landscapes:

Environmental Friction

The role of AI in enhancing environmental intelligence and management can lead to an accidental escalation in conflicts due to misjudging environmental data. There's a need for a global database to track environmental interventions using AI and environmental-related misjudgments leading to diplomatic tensions.

Technical Friction

Technical failures in AI, ranging from algorithmic errors to hardware malfunction, have been witnessed in both civilian and military contexts. The autonomous vehicle fatality serves as a stark reminder of the potential fatal outcomes of AI technical failures. A compendium of such technical mishaps with geopolitical implications can help in understanding how frequently and severely AI-induced technical frictions arise.

Human Friction

Human responses to AI interventions have varied, leading to issues like workforce displacement and ethical concerns over privacy, which can escalate into large-scale social unrest. Cases like massive workforce layoffs and public dissent against surveillance programs provide a practical understanding of human frictions related to AI deployment.

Organizational Friction

Miscommunication within AI-reliant organizations can prompt friction. Historical reviews of where AI-based decisions led to misalignment within intergovernmental organizations could identify and document such organizational frictions.

Informational Friction

The concerns around misinformation proliferated by AI, such as the deepfakes phenomenon, compound the challenges in international diplomacy by undermining truth and shared realities between diplomatic entities. Quantitative analysis of misinformation's impact on diplomatic relations would present a clearer picture of this friction.

Political Friction

The political implications of AI are seen in both domestic and global spheres, where AI's role in electoral processes or surveillance impacts political stability and international trust. Evidence of such implications could be drawn from cases where AI has influenced political outcomes, such as AI-powered political analytics influencing campaign strategies.

Economic Friction

AI-driven economic models often result in unpredictable fluctuations potent enough to affect international trade relations. Incorporating case studies on how predictive AI models have influenced economic policies or market stability would enrich the understanding of economic frictions due to AI.

Considering these constraints and frictions highlights the importance of adopting thorough and critical AI assessments within net assessment frameworks to understand how strategic and operational parameters must be calibrated in the wake of AI integration. By documenting these challenges and drawing upon specific historical cases, the friction they introduce can be better understood and managed. To cope with AI's multifaceted disruptions, it’s essential to measure, track, and adaptively respond to these constraints and frictions to advance informed, adaptive, and strategic political decision-making.

Alliances and Laws

Alliances

NATO and its cybersecurity initiatives

NATO's Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) and other similar initiatives offer a forum for member states to collaborate on AI-related challenges within the cybersecurity domain.

ASEAN collaboration on ICT security

ASEAN member states have endeavored to boost cooperation in areas such as cybersecurity, which is deeply linked to the implementation and oversight of AI technologies.

BRICS technology and innovation initiatives

The BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has called for enhanced cooperation in technological innovation, which could cover AI development and its applications in various sectors.

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad)

The Quad, an informal strategic dialogue between the US, Japan, India, and Australia, emphasizes cooperative efforts on advanced technologies, which possibly includes AI.

United Nations initiatives for AI

UNICRI’s Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics monitors the implications of AI, including its use by states in policing and law enforcement.

Laws

International humanitarian law (Geneva Conventions) and the Hague Conventions

These regulations may be challenged in dealing with AI-induced warfare, including the use of autonomous weapon systems.

Export controls and technology-sharing agreements

Laws such as the Wassenaar Arrangement, which restricts the export of dual-use technologies (including AI that can be used for both civilian and military purposes).

Data protection and privacy laws, such as GDPR, influence how AI processes personal data and how states engage in digital surveillance.

The US International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) govern the export of AI-related defense items and dual-use commodities.

Laws governing deepfakes and misinformation, which could include forthcoming U.S. congressional acts or EU directives focusing on the use of AI in creating and disseminating false information.

Relevance to Net Assessment

• Alliances with a focus on cybersecurity and technological innovation are essential in shaping collective responses to AI threats, promoting shared AI governance frameworks, and countering misinformation campaigns.

• Trust and reliability are vital in alliances that handle shared AI resources; the trustworthiness of AI applications and outcomes can impact the stability of such relationships.

• Laws regarding AI technology and cyber-attacks will reshape conflict resolution mechanisms and international law, redefining what constitutes an act of war.

• Regulations on the export of AI technology affect global AI research collaborations and the diffusion of advanced AI capabilities, influencing power dynamics.

• Accountability structures embedded in laws are critical in verifying and addressing the misuse of AI, such as deepfakes, in international relations, diplomacy, and conflict escalation.

• The mention of increased insurance costs due to instability in the Middle East, which may involve AI applications in insurance risk assessment for maritime shipping in conflict zones.

• Observations about the Chinese Navy's lack of engagement in certain regions could relate to strategic AI-assisted decision-making in maritime security operations.

• The demonstrated advancement in US and Israeli ABM technology is a prime example of AI's integration into defense systems, potentially altering the strategic landscape.

• The increasing societal reliance on AI, as noted in tech companies being "our future,” signifies the growing recognition of AI's geopolitical relevancy.

Conclusion for Net Assessment

The integration of AI into traditional mechanisms of international affairs is likely to have complex repercussions. On one hand, it presents opportunities for collaboration, strategy enhancement, and efficient decision-making. On the other hand, it can accelerate informational warfare and challenge longstanding norms and doctrines of conflict management and diplomacy. In assessing these developments, it is crucial to evaluate the alliances that facilitate collective understanding and regulation of AI applications, as well as the laws that may struggle to keep pace with rapid technology advancements. An in-depth analysis of these changing dynamics is imperative for advising policymakers on strategic postures and preparations for a world increasingly shaped by AI.

Information

- Body positivity movement criticized for encouraging "toxic positivity," suggesting individuals must always feel confident and happy with their bodies.

- Research showed women didn't improve their body image after exposure to toxic body positivity messages, but felt better when valued for who they were by friends and family.

- Concerns over mental health effects of Hong Kong's 21-day quarantine, with evidence of negative psychosocial consequences some of which are long-lasting.

- Online platforms like Reddit and 4chan can foster far-right extremism and hate speech due to anonymity and loose moderation.

- Far-right sub-communities on these sites are influential, being a source for about 6% of mainstream and 4.5% of alternative news on Twitter.

- Far-right ideas ("redpilling") are subtly introduced, with extremists using debates and graphic imagery to radicalize users.

- Extremism is often hidden in mainstream topics, using shared vocabularies to normalize ideologies.

- Notable far-right terrorists were linked to these sites, which shaped their ideas and provided platforms for manifestos.

- Mainstream platforms like YouTube can inadvertently promote radicalization by suggesting content from far-right influencers.

- No specific online behaviors are reliable indicators of radicalization; it's a complex web of extremist content production and sharing.

- Schools and religious communities should develop programs to improve internet literacy and counter extremist ideology.

- Far-right ideologies may not be prevalent in Singapore, but recent cases show the need for vigilance and rehab programs for radicalized individuals.

- Rehabilitation for such individuals includes psychological counseling, mentoring, and community-based programs to foster pro-social skills.

- ISD emphasizes the importance of early radicalization detection and reports a zero-tolerance policy for hate speech in Singapore.

- ISD works with educational and community partners on counter-radicalisation efforts and has legislative measures to block extremist content.

- Tech companies are expected to continue efforts to prevent and disrupt extremist content online.

- Western countries also engage in covert social media operations to influence public opinion against adversaries, including China.

- A Singaporean teenager radicalized by far-right ideologies was issued a restriction order by ISD, revealing the transnational appeal of such extremist beliefs.- The company has expanded with offices in six international markets.

- Tang appointed to Khazanah Nasional Berhad's board in July 2019; stepped down in April 2020.

- SenseTime dominates AI-powered image filters/effects, with 80% market share, 160 apps, and 2 billion monthly active users across 450 million smartphones.

- ByteDance's Douyin short-video platform utilizes these now-standard AI features.

- Wang of SenseTime noted a significant perception shift in AI's impact on daily life.

- Foldable smartphones once novel, face user-experience issues, lagging behind conventional phones.

- OPPO's Zhou Yibao interacted with consumers to understand reluctance towards foldable phones, uncovering concerns over cost, quality, size, and weight.

- OPPO restructured in 2020, forming specialized teams for more collaborative product development.

- Introduced Find N3 with a third-generation Flexion Hinge made from zirconium-based liquid metal and aircraft-grade steel, 15% volume reduction of the hinge.

- OPPO aims for durability and sustainability; the Find N3 hinge can endure a million folds, lasting over two decades.

- Temasek's T2030 strategy, initiated in 2019, emphasizes adaptability and preparing for global challenges to achieve long-term value.

- Temasek's investment strategy blends long-term resilience with dynamic, high-growth opportunities.

- In response to geopolitical dynamics and decoupling, Temasek's international teams assess risks and incorporate geopolitical strategies.

- Amid stricter regulations, Temasek maintains compliance while focusing on companies leveraged on domestic demand to counteract trade and investment restrictions.

- The company aims for net-zero emissions, becoming carbon-neutral since 2020 with decarbonization investments across industries.

- Temasek invests in cybersecurity safeguards and supports workforce upskilling and reskilling for Industry 4.0 readiness.

- Goldman Sachs explores generative AI across twelve projects, cautiously given the regulated nature of financial services.

- Morgan Stanley and JPMorgan Chase use AI in advising and investment selection.

- George Lee of Goldman Sachs highlights the increased service standard necessitated by generative AI capabilities.

- Venture capitalists are challenged by dominant tech giants in investing in generative AI innovation.

- Legal contract management is becoming more automated using AI, with generative AI expected to further improve efficiency.

- Skepticism exists about AI replacing legal professionals, with some viewing it as a digital co-worker.

- Ironclad's AI Assist employs GPT-4 technology for contract review, suggesting it improves efficiency by 20 times.

- Accenture uses AI for legal contracts and is in the early stages of integrating generative AI.- Presenting AI technology as an existential threat could lead governments to misuse power or take self-interested approaches.

- LLMs' potential for fact-checking is limited by their susceptibility to misinformation and the influence of biased information sources.

- NewsGuard found Russian state media using AI-generated content to propagate false claims, including the Maidan uprising misrepresented as a US-instigated coup.

- 217+ AI-generated news/information sites found to operate with minimal human oversight, highlighting the scale of potential false narratives.

- Generative AI could significantly scale up fake news if employed in hostile information campaigns.

- LLMs can assist fact-checkers by cross-referencing large volumes of information against reliable sources.

- Traditional fact-checkers remain essential due to their critical thinking skills, expertise, and nuanced understanding of context.

- Gannett plans to use generative AI for journalistic efficiency, but insists on human oversight to prevent errors.

- Gannett's journalists express concerns about AI replacing them amid layoffs and cost-cutting at the company.

- Gannett's use of AI is aimed at assisting journalists, not replacing them, as part of achieving profitability after debt from a merger.

- Gannett is piloting AI summarization technology at USA Today, with journalist oversight.

- News industry explores generative AI while acknowledging its limitations, such as producing misinformation.

- Media outlets like CNET and Men's Journal experienced generative AI errors in published stories.

- Mainstream newsrooms are handling generative AI adoption with care, considering past mistakes and demanding accuracy.

- News organizations like Reuters, The New York Times, and Bloomberg are at various stages of embracing generative AI, with cautious approaches.

- The BBC tests semi-automation for short-form content, but emphasizes the necessity of human review.

- LG U+ in South Korea invests 9.8 billion won to create AR content for 5G services, catering to high data demands.

- South Korea's K-City tests autonomous vehicles with 5G, highlighting the need for significant 5G infrastructure for widespread adoption.

- The 5G network enhances support for virtual reality, AI, and real-time content, contrasted with 4G's limitations.

- Facebook removed deepfake videos used in US election meddling, shedding light on the evolving challenges of fake news and deepfakes.

- DeepMedia estimates around 500,000 video and voice deepfakes on social media in 2023 with reduced cloning costs.

- OpenAI implements restrictions in political uses of its AI tools, but enforcement gaps remain.

- Midjourney, a leading AI image generator, plans changes to fight misinformation and considers image blocking of political candidates.

- Expansion of laws is suggested as necessary to address gaps in the regulation of generative AI and misinformation.- Beijing asserts "indisputable" Chinese sovereignty over the South China Sea and engages in "law enforcement activities" to address violations.

- China's claims to the South China Sea are based on its "nine-dash" line, presented to the United Nations in 2009, which encompasses over 80% of the sea.

- The Philippines, along with Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei, also claim parts of the ocean, a key maritime route for over US$3 trillion in annual global trade and significant fishing and gas reserves.

- Post a 2012 standoff with China, the Philippines sought arbitration in The Hague in 2013, based on UNCLOS, which defines a country's EEZ as 200 nautical miles from its shore.

- The 2016 arbitral tribunal ruling stated that China's claims have "no legal basis," a judgment Beijing rejected as "null and void."

- China and ASEAN members signed the 2002 non-binding declaration to avoid inhabiting or developing uninhabited areas in the South China Sea.

- Despite the 2002 declaration, China established military bases in the Spratly Islands, starting in 2007, with allegations of new reclamation projects in December 2022.

- The Philippines aims to balance its defence capabilities, mindful not to align too closely with Western interests and risk its relationship with China.

- China opposes Manila's allowance of U.S. military base use near the South China Sea and accuses the U.S. of inciting regional tensions.

- Increasing concerns that the South China Sea conflicts could escalate to a significant military confrontation akin to other international disputes.

- The U.S. maintains its commitment to defend the Philippines through their mutual defence treaty, should the latter's maritime territory come under attack.

- There is no widespread expectation for immediate full-scale conflict in the area; parties are engaged in "assertive transparency" and "grey-zone tactics."

- Typhoon Doksuri caused significant damage in China, with estimated July-August disaster losses at $10 billion, while the actual cost of recovery is much higher.

- Exports and imports were negatively impacted due to the typhoon, contributing to weakened trade figures in July.

- Corporate and financial systems are underprepared for climate-related disruptions, with data from CDP revealing that many companies fail to disclose or assess physical risks and financial impacts.

- Governments face up to a $366 billion annual shortfall in adaptation funding.

- Ports are highly susceptible to climate change effects, estimated at over $100 billion a year in damages to trade, infrastructure, and economic activity.

- The IMF and Oxford launched PortWatch to provide real-time warnings and analysis of the economic consequences of storms on ports and supply chains.

- Despite known risks, many companies lack climate adaptation plans and rely on inadequate insurance coverage.

- Climate risks could cause cumulative direct losses averaging $285 million to $352 million per company by 2050, with flooding posing the most significant threat.

- Houthi attacks on Red Sea shipping are raising war risk insurance premiums and could drive up European consumer goods prices.

- The U.S. is considering re-listing the Houthis as a terrorist organization in response to their attacks and to prevent weapon supplies.

- Financial experts voice concern that increasing Red Sea tensions might contribute to inflation and impact global economic stability.- About 12% of the world's shipping traffic uses the Suez Canal, accessed via the Red Sea.

- Egypt's Suez Canal authority considers disruptions "temporary" and reports traffic as normal.

- Shell has halted shipments through the Red Sea due to escalation fears after US and UK strikes.

- Chevron continues its shipping routes through the Red Sea.

- Exxon Mobil supports ship owners following the guidance of the Combined Maritime Forces.

- Russian tanker group Sovcomflot is exploring alternative routes, amidst potential crisis escalation.

- EU member states initially support creating a naval mission by Feb 19 to protect shipping.

- Yemen’s vice president criticizes the US-led coalition for lack of participation by major regional powers.

- The Southern Transitional Council, which opposes Iran-backed Houthis, emphasizes regional intervention in the Bab al-Mandab corridor.

- UN Secretary-General Guterres calls for de-escalation in the Red Sea.

- Saudi Arabia links Houthi attacks on ships with the conflict in Gaza, seeking de-escalation.

- Microsoft CEO Nadella comments on tech giants competing for content to train AI.

- Nadella suggests Google's exclusive deals with publishers impact competition.

- Nadella acknowledges Microsoft's Bing has less than a 20% market share on laptops.

- Microsoft has faced rebuffs in attempts to default Bing on Apple smartphones.

- Judge Mehta questions Bing's quality in comparison with Google during an antitrust trial.

- NVIDIA offices raided by French authorities, with the company's dominance in the GPU market and AI sector as potential concerns.

- France's FCA investigates big tech for competitive practices, monitoring cloud and AI sectors.

- Singapore presents a new Model AI Governance Framework to address generative AI issues.

- International feedback on Singapore's AI framework to be used for finalization by mid-2024.

- Discussions differentiate between traditional and generative AI capabilities and applications.

- There is concern about an AI arms race between leading technological nations, including AI's integration into military and surveillance by governments.

- The use of AI for government surveillance and domestic security raises privacy concerns.

- Governance mechanisms for AI are emerging, but international regulation faces challenges and potential non-compliance.- Iran seized a tanker on Thursday carrying Iraqi crude destined for Turkey.

- Houthi militants targeted a tanker carrying Russian oil off Yemen, British maritime security firm Ambrey reported.

- Diversion of tankers will raise freight rates due to longer routes via South Africa.

- The Red Sea accounts for about 15% of the world's shipping traffic.

- The U.S. military struck under 30 different locations in Yemen, expecting Houthi retaliation.

- Houthis plan to continue targeting ships heading toward Israel.

- Iran states attacks on Houthis will lead to regional "insecurity and instability."

- Saudi Arabia urges restraint and expresses concern over the situation.

- China's crude oil purchases hit record levels in 2023 despite economic challenges.

- Brent contract premiums indicate tighter supply for prompt delivery, with the first-month contract to the six-month contract spread at $2.09 a barrel.

- U.S. oil rig count drops by two to 499, suggesting changes in future output.

- Libyan protesters negotiated to extend the deadline for the shutdown of oil and gas facilities in Tripoli.

- European and Wall Street stocks fell along with U.S. government debt on lower expectations for Fed rate cuts.

- U.S. Treasury note yield rebounded above 4% as the market reduced expectations for 2024 rate reductions.

- Dollar strengthened and the euro and yen weakened against it.

- Asian shares saw little movement with Chinese markets witnessing modest gains after returning from holiday.

- The U.S.'s core personal consumption inflation is expected to rise, affecting Fed rate decisions.

- U.S. crude and Brent oil prices fluctuated, with geopolitical tensions impacting market settlement prices.

- The IEA cut its 2024 global oil demand growth forecast due to Chinese consumption slowdown.

- Russian pipeline exports to China are highlighted as secure by Rosneft head Igor Sechin amidst Middle East instability.

- Russia surpasses Saudi Arabia as China's main oil supplier, delivering 75 million tonnes to date.

- Traders adjust oil positions ahead of the U.S. holiday, with U.S. rate cuts supporting the potential for demand.

- Gold prices dropped while oil prices settled higher on Friday due to Middle East tensions.

- Germany's gas supply is in a better position than after Russia's cut last winter, according to the head of energy firm E.ON.

- Expectations for U.S. labor market remain strong, with 168,000 jobs expected to have been created in December.- U.S. Department of Defense developing program to estimate prices and predict supplies of critical minerals like nickel and cobalt.

- Program aims to increase market transparency and reduce dependency on market price swings that affect U.S. production.

- Chinese cobalt miners are increasing production with financial backing from Beijing, contrasting with U.S. firms like Jervois Global, which suspended an Idaho project due to low prices.

- DARPA, which is running the project, was established after the 1957 Sputnik launch and has contributed to key innovations such as the Internet and mRNA vaccines.

- DARPA and U.S. Geological Survey to use AI to model "structural price" based on production location, labor, supply, and costs.

- OPEN (Open Price Exploration for National Security) aims to offer price transparency and mitigate risks from futures markets and pricing agencies.

- U.S. government does not intend to set official metals prices or replace London Metal Exchange (LME) or other futures markets.

- LME and other exchanges currently set metal prices through futures markets and physical delivery into warehouse networks.

- LME's pricing was questioned after the 2022 nickel pricing issue.

- Firms like S&P Global and Lockheed Martin applied for the DARPA contract.

- The AI model will roll out in three phases over two years, predicting supply disruptions from market shocks, excluding natural disasters.

- DARPA's initiative could aid Pentagon in stockpile purchases by anticipating price swings and providing lanthanum forecast, critical rare earths controlled by China.

- Industry response to U.S. government price or supply estimates remains uncertain.

- Lithium, rare earths, and graphite miners charge premiums for metals produced outside China, not influenced by government pricing.

- DARPA aims for program transparency to reduce supply chain disruptions.

- Financial Times highlighted companies using new technology to face 2023 challenges.

- AI industry projected to reach $1.8 trillion by 2030, growing at 37.3% annually.

- Seven tech companies, including Google and OpenAI, have made voluntary commitments to test and manage AI risks.

- Hong Kong Financial Secretary promoted the city's contribution to China's AI development by attracting talent and capital.

- Global experts urged prioritization of AI risks alongside global threats like pandemics and nuclear war.

- Researchers demonstrate the brain's ability to recognize speech in echoic conditions, findings that can improve speech recognition algorithms.

- AI factories powered by Nvidia's hardware will be built by Foxconn.

- Generative AI is disrupting industries, influencing job markets and regulatory landscapes, with asset management as a key example of enhancement and job creation.- Assistant Professor Saifuddin Ahmed from NTU suggests Singapore look to other countries with laws against non-consensual distribution of intimate content.

- Prof Saifuddin highlights the importance of protecting individuals' privacy and dignity online.

- Citing increases in deepfake cases, laws need to identify areas needing more attention.

- Enforcing online content laws poses challenges due to global content upload and evolving technology.

- Advanced digital forensics and stronger data protection could help trace sources and prevent data misuse.

- International cooperation is crucial for regulating internet content across borders.

- SG Her Empowerment (SHE) study shows 38% of respondents encountered harmful online content, higher among youths (two-thirds) as per National Youth Council survey.

- Exposure to online harm impacts mental health, says Mr Shanmugam, discussing the need for practical solutions at a symposium attended by academics, tech firms, and judges.

- Victim panelist Eve underscores the need for better legal protection against cyberstalking and harassment.

Interdisciplinary Research Day on November 15 at HKSYU

- HKSYU focuses on interdisciplinary conflict resolution: persuasion, negotiation, and mediation.

- The first research day of its kind aims to bring together various perspectives on conflict resolution.

- Keynote speakers to explore conflicts and morality through interdisciplinary approaches.

Pentagon's AI strategy aims for battlefield decision-making improvement

- Deputy defense secretary Kathleen Hicks pushes for responsible, fast integration of AI into U.S. military.

Global asset managers eyeing recovery in China's markets

- Fidelity International notes China's shifts in monetary policy and stimulus plans.

- Somerset Capital Management sees improved earnings and opportunities in sportswear and EV sectors.

- Morgan Stanley reveals foreign investors' underweight positions in China and Hong Kong stocks.

- Chinese equities' valuations have dropped, with MSCI China index down 11% for the year.

- Inflows by foreign asset managers suggest a cautious return to China's stock markets.

China calls for international rules on military AI

- China's UN ambassador Li Song advocates for regulating AI in military to prevent an arms race.

- China stresses the need for humanitarian compliance and ethical norms in AI weaponry development.

- Proposal for a multilateral mechanism to support AI tech access for developing nations.

Discussion on body positivity movement's pros and cons

- Body positivity has roots in the late 1960s radical fat activism.

- Movement has mainstream appeal but concerns arise over potential exclusivity and reinforcement of beauty standards.

- Critics like Lizzo argue that body positivity has strayed from its original inclusive intentions.

- A study found that 67% of Instagram body positivity posts feature white women.

- Concerns that the movement places too much emphasis on appearance and is co-opted by corporations.- Optimism exists regarding the potential of generative AI in legal work, with projected productivity gains of 15-20% within three years.

- Generative AI expected to augment legal professionals' capabilities.

- Shahid Rayyaz of Hoare Lea noted generative AI reduced contract review team's costs by one-third annually over five years.

- Savings attributed to increased productivity and reduced expenditure on external law firms, without reducing team headcount.

- However, only 54% of surveyed in-house lawyers from the US, the UK, and Canada believe generative AI should be used for legal work, citing accuracy, privacy, confidentiality, and security concerns.

- Generative AI's "hallucinations" – fabricating facts – means careful oversight is required.

- Liz Grennan from McKinsey warns against precision drafting with generative AI due to potential expensive repercussions but sees its benefit in helping lawyers understand context.

- Automation generally leads to lengthier contracts, a trend noted by ThoughtRiver's Pullan.

- Customizing large language models for generative AI systems is complex and may come with extra charges from AI suppliers like ThoughtRiver.

- New standards like Sali and OneNDA could help with legal data integration problems.

- Generative AI expected to continue the evolution in automation of contract drafting and review but will require careful monitoring.

- Li kickstarted her educational career at Beijing Normal University, pursuing a BA in English and Chinese.

- She then completed an MA in Linguistics in the UK, followed by a master's in Experimental Psychology and PhD in Linguistics.

- Li's work applies computational models to understand brain processes during language comprehension.

- She praises Professor John HALE for inspiring her to join computational neurolinguistics.

- Li aims for tenure and to position her research team at the forefront of neurolinguistics studies, promoting an interdisciplinary approach.

- The human brain can detect odd words in sentences, with neural responses being a research focus compared to machine predictions.

- China has begun testing an AI-based earthquake monitoring system in Yunnan and Sichuan, aiming for rapid predictions within two seconds.

- Global leaders are urged to consider the extinction risks from AI technology as a global priority.

- TikTok introduces local language "election centres" in all 27 EU countries to combat misinformation and influence operations ahead of European Parliament elections.

- TikTok signs to increase fact-checking partnerships and transparently report influence operations.

- Meta's oversight board will review content moderation related to misleading posts around the Australian referendum on Indigenous recognition.

- China's UN envoy Li Song calls for international rules on military AI use to prevent arms races and humanitarian crises.

- The emergence of ChatGPT highlights the transformative impact of AI on society and the necessity of considering AI in future planning.

- The Philippines criticizes China's "unprovoked acts of coercion," alleging international law violations and threats to maritime assets and Filipino crew.- Industry trend predicts the dominance of big firms and numerous niche players in asset management, putting mid-sized managers ($100bn to $500bn assets) and AI-lagging firms at risk of consolidation or decline, which could lead to job losses.

- Asset management, as well as finance and health industries, will encounter similar challenges posed by AI and must adapt or face serious consequences.

- Regulators are seen as behind in understanding and supervising non-bank entities amidst these changes.

- Tech companies Microsoft, Google, and AMD emphasize AI integration into their products but face investor skepticism despite reporting progress and optimistic forecasts in AI (late trading shares slipped after Q4 2023 results).

- AMD has high expectations for sales from its new AI processors, while Microsoft and Google highlighted AI's role in enhancing their offerings.

- Baidu expects increased AI revenue in Q3 and claims sufficient AI chip stockpiles for two years to develop its Ernie LLM despite US export restrictions.

- The Team Titan YouTube channel will release episodes featuring tech challenges around AI on July 21, 28, August 4, 11, and the finale on August 25.

- AI's transformative power is evident in urban route optimization (reducing carbon emissions) and enhanced accuracy in weather forecasting, critical for climate change mitigation and disaster readiness.

- The National Youth Tech Challenge (NYTC) is part of IMDA's school program, encouraging students to develop deep tech skills, showcasing AI's potential and inspiring career pursuits.

- Chinese quant hedge fund managers are exploring ChatGPT-style AI tools to aid decision-making amidst a $3 trillion investment environment, leveraging the tech's multi-dimensional analysis capabilities.

- MX Capital and Baiont Capital invest in AI technologies for identifying investment opportunities and improving trading models, backed by China's tech and AI veterans.

- China's regulators aim to manage generative AI technology's impact, with industry giants increasing their AI investments and strategy.

- Wang Xiaogang, influenced by a CUHK lab visit in 2001, became a leading AI expert in China, co-founding SenseTime, valued at $8 billion.

- SenseTime, aiming for a $2 billion IPO, uses AI in various industries and plans for growth aligned with China's AI industry forecast of 453.26 billion yuan by 2025 (part of the "Made in China 2025" plan).

- SenseTime focuses on serving multiple industries as a technology platform rather than a single vertical market.

- The company invests in smart cars and digital metaverse, employs 5,000 staff with a strong R&D focus, and maintains academic ties for talent recruitment.

- Winning over Facebook's Deepface with their DeepID algorithm in 2014 marked SenseTime's industry prominence.

- SenseTime faces US sanctions over alleged unethical uses and sees increasing competition in China's AI market.

- SenseTime strategizes on smart vehicles partnering with automotive brands like Honda Motor and invests in smart city applications and medical health platform SenseCare.- AI is taking on an increasingly significant role in US elections, evident in Shamaine Daniels' congressional campaign against Republican Scott Perry.

- Daniels is utilizing "Ashley," a generative AI political phone banker that customizes conversations with voters, speaking in over 20 languages, and conducts multiple dialogs simultaneously.

- AI in politics raises concerns over disinformation, with OpenAI's CEO expressing nervousness over election integrity.

- Civox, the company behind Ashley, intends to scale up to tens of thousands of calls a day by year-end, aiming for a significant presence by the 2024 election.

- Civox's CEO welcomes regulation in the face of potential AI misuse and commits to ethical development, including giving Ashley a robotic voice to signal AI identity.

- Civox uses a mix of over 20 proprietary and open-source AI models and has a governance committee for ethical oversight.

- Legal frameworks around AI in campaigning are vague, with few states like Michigan considering regulation of deepfakes and no federal law explicitly covering AI's use in politics.

- The US National Security Council sees AI as crucial in cybersecurity, offering the potential to prevent threats and develop secure code but also posing risks of more targeted and sophisticated cyberattacks.

- Global cybersecurity threats are becoming more advanced, targeting governments, businesses, and individuals.

- In response to the rising cybersecurity risks, the US is fostering international collaboration and using AI to anticipate and defend against cyber threats.

- Educating voters on scrutinizing AI-generated content online is considered important.

- Saudi Arabia is leveraging Hong Kong as a bridge to China for its Vision 2030 plan, focusing on fintech and attracting VC funding.

- In ASEAN, cultural fluency and understanding of local business dynamics and regulatory environments are emphasized for successful business operations.

- Singapore utilizes industry partnerships to keep polytechnic curricula contemporary, with NYP adopting a Professional Competency Model and SP offering micro-credentials for adult education.

- Polytechnic students in Singapore are being equipped with AI capabilities, including a Generative AI studio at TP and mandatory AI-related modules at NP.

- Apple's Vision Pro, a $3,500 headset blending 3D content with reality, could revolutionize TV watching and computer usage.- School leaders, teachers, counselors, and student leaders have been sensitized to the threat of terrorism and signs of radicalization and the importance of early reporting.

- ISD organized over 60 outreach events for more than 2,000 participants including student leaders, educators, and other school staff last year.

- ISD works with community partners like the Religious Rehabilitation Group (RRG) and the Inter-Agency Aftercare Group (ACG) on counter-radicalization efforts.

- ISD confident that relevant religious and community organizations will step forward to tackle threats posed by far-right extremism, in partnership with the government.

- Authorities have the capacity to block access to terrorist websites to minimize extremist ideologies exposure.

- Government introduced legislative measures such as the Online Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act and the Online Criminal Harms Act to protect the public and tackle harmful online content, including terrorism advocacy.

- ISD sees dealing with extremist content online as a whole-of-society endeavor, with the public playing a role by not watching or disseminating extremist content.

- Tech companies are critical in the fight against extremist content online and have increased efforts to prevent and disrupt terrorists' platform abuse.

- Oil prices increased after oil tankers diverted from the Red Sea following U.S. and UK strikes on Houthi targets in Yemen.

- Brent crude futures rose by 88 cents, or 1.1%, to $78.29 a barrel; U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures increased by 66 cents, or 0.9%, to $72.68 but paring gains after reaching a 2024 high of $75.25.

- The shipping diversions are expected to raise costs and transportation times, yet physical oil markets are not impacted significantly.

- For the week, Brent was down 0.5% and WTI 1.1% down due to Saudi Arabia's price cuts and an unexpected build in U.S. crude stockpiles.

- Tanker companies Stena Bulk, Hafnia, and Torm halted ships towards the Red Sea, but the Suez Canal Authority confirmed navigation has not been suspended.

- U.S. and UK strikes retaliated against Houthi attacks since October in support of Hamas, raising concerns about a broader Middle East conflict.

- The Red Sea route accounts for 15% of global shipping traffic; diversions around South Africa will prompt higher freight rates.

- U.S. military anticipates Houthi retaliation; Iran warns of increased "insecurity and instability" in the region post-strikes.

- Saudi Arabia calls for restraint to avoid escalation and closely monitors the situation.

- China's crude oil imports hit record levels in 2023, and temporary supply tightness is indicated by the Brent contract's premium.

- The U.S. oil rig count dropped by two to 499, signaling prospective production changes.

- Libyan protesters extend the deadline for shutting oil and gas facilities due to negotiations.

- Stocks in Europe and Wall Street fell, and U.S. government debt prices decreased due to diminished expectations of Fed rate cuts.

- The dollar strengthened amid Treasury note yields rising, with a 10-year yield above 4%.

- Concerns about misinterpreting slow growth as a recession sign amid labor market attention.

- The U.S. dollar index rose 0.83%, the euro fell 0.91% to $1.0943, and the Japanese yen weakened 0.77% to 141.95 per dollar.

- Oil prices declined as rate cut prospects were reassessed and Red Sea tensions eased.

- U.S. crude settled down $1.27 to $70.38 a barrel, Brent fell $1.15 to $75.89 a barrel.

- Germany's gas supply is stable, contrasting last winter's Russian supply cut-off.

- Pakistan's central bank held key interest rate at 22%, signaling a tight monetary policy stance.

- Inflation is expected to decline due to easing food commodity prices and reduced fuel prices.

- Central bank emphasizes uncertainty in global oil prices amid Middle East instability.

- The IMF and central bank anticipate inflation to average around 20% to 22% versus 29.2% the previous financial year.

- The IMF to review progress on a $3 billion program, critical for Pakistan's economy.

- Pakistani rupee stability and global oil prices are factors for future interest rate decisions.

- Pakistan narrowly avoided default with IMF assistance and seeks to unlock additional funding.

- China seeks free-trade deals and enhanced energy cooperation with the Gulf Cooperation Council.

- Beijing is intensifying diplomatic efforts with Middle Eastern Arab states amid strained U.S. relations.- Facebook removed "deepfake" videos by Russian troll farms during the US elections.

- Fake news spread over the last decade has caused violence and social division globally.

- The Hong Kong branch of an international company was tricked out of HK$200 million (US$25.6 million) by a deepfake scam.

- A multi-person conference scam with AI-generated "colleagues" resulted in 15 large transactions to fraudulent accounts.

- Technique involved AI impersonation of voices and convincing video imagery.

- Police recommend verification steps in video calls to prevent deepfake scams.

- Alert on deepfakes after convincing impersonations of public figures like Taylor Swift.

- Distrust and violence may stem from deepfake misinformation.

- Lim Sun Sun and Arnaud Robin discussed the impact of deepfakes on society and privacy.

- 96% of deepfake videos are pornographic, including unauthorized use of celebrity images.

- Detection tools and regulations against deepfakes are being developed by companies and platforms.

- China's Belt and Road Initiative's security demand has increased due to geopolitical risks.

- Chinese projects are targets for attacks, notably in South Sudan and Pakistan.

- China's overseas security alerts peaked at 55 due to global conflicts.

- Chinese private security companies, newer and smaller in comparison to Western firms, are adapting to international markets.

- Chinese security firms often have military or police roots and focus on client projects overseas.

- AI-copying, AI-bias risks, and AI job displacement concerns are being debated globally.

- Global, regional, and national AI regulations are being developed to manage advancements in AI technology.

- ASEAN is formulating AI guidelines; first AI Safety Summit held between US, China, and others.

- Labour market disruption via AI is forecasted, with a focus on call center roles.

- Emerging technologies and risks highlight the need for revamped risk management strategies.

- Singapore FinTech Festival (SFF) 2023 to emphasize ethical AI use, innovation, and diversity initiatives.- OPEC expects oil use to rise for two more decades.

- Baker Hughes reports U.S. energy firms reduced oil and natural gas rigs for the second time in three weeks.

- Oil prices settled higher on Friday due to Middle East tensions: Brent crude at $83.47/barrel up by 0.74%, West Texas Intermediate crude at $79.19/barrel up by 1.49%.

- Brent crude rose more than 1% and U.S. benchmark up about 3% for the week.

- Tensions in the Middle East, including Hezbollah's rocket attack on Israel and a missile hitting an India-bound tanker from Yemen, support crude prices.

- U.S. producer prices rose more than expected in January while retail sales slump led to hopes of Fed rate cuts, potentially bolstering oil demand.

- The International Energy Agency (IEA) reduced its 2024 global oil demand growth forecast to 1.22 million bpd (down from 1.24 million bpd), largely due to slower Chinese consumption.

- Japan plans to deploy 1,000 long-range cruise missiles to counter China, with ranges of 500 to 5,500 kilometres. This is to address the "missile gap" as China has about 300 sea-based and 1,900 land-based missiles.

- OpenAI argued for AI in content moderation on social media platforms.

- Generative AI (Gen AI) is yet to be monetized by companies like Microsoft and Alphabet despite their large investments.

- Gen AI revolution is anticipated to disrupt jobs but also enhance them in asset management and other industries.

- Mid-sized asset managers and those lagging in Gen AI may be pressured to consolidate due to the industry's evolving structure.

- Microsoft, Google, and AMD are all integrating AI into their products, but investors remain skeptical despite apparent progress.

- Baidu stockpiles AI chips to counter U.S. export curbs and forecasts increased AI revenues.

- AI is aiding agriculture and fisheries to adapt to climate change, including yield predictions and understanding changing ocean conditions.

- The National University of Singapore's Carbon Integrity research project uses AI to develop Southeast Asia-specific models for estimating carbon in forests, aiding in conservation efforts and policy making.- Over 10,000 organizations will attend the world's largest fintech festival hosted by Elevandi, with industry leaders across policy, finance, and technology.

- The Singapore FinTech Festival (SFF) will be held from Nov 15 to 17, 2023, organized by MAS, Elevandi, Constellar, and ABS.

- Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong emphasized AI safety at the global AI summit, highlighting the rapid development of AI and the associated ethical challenges.

- Singapore introduced tools like AI Verify and evaluation sandboxes to mitigate AI risks and collaborates internationally on AI safety.

- Southeast Asian countries are drafting AI ethics and governance guidelines amid global regulatory efforts targeting generative AI.

- Hun Manet is to become the Cambodian Prime Minister on Aug 22 after the CPP's victory in the Jul 23 election.

- US criticized Cambodia's election, applied visa bans and paused aid; China congratulated Hun Sen on the CPP's victory.

- Cambodia's foreign policy under Hun Manet is expected to focus on economic diversification, engaging in international law, and avoiding exclusive alliances.

- Social media has become a significant tool in information warfare, used by Russia and Ukraine governments to spread their narratives and garner support.

- Chinese President Xi Jinping highlighted aspirations for peace in the region, amidst tensions in the South China Sea and China's expansive claims.

- Chinese authorities have warned the public about the potential misuse of ChatGPT for spreading rumors and committing crimes.

- TikTok is preparing for the European Parliament elections by creating local language election centers in all 27 EU countries to combat misinformation.

- Apple's Vision Pro headset released on a Friday, entering a competitive market dominated by cheaper alternatives.

- Popular video apps like Netflix and YouTube do have dedicated apps for Vision Pro but can be accessed via the device's web browser.

- Spotify has not developed an app for the Vision Pro launch.

- Vision Pro has custom chips and advanced displays, posing a potential threat to traditional two-dimensional screens.

- Disney has collaborated with Apple on an app for the Vision Pro, featuring immersive movie environments and the ability to watch films in 3D.

- Disney+ app users can experience movies in unique settings, such as from an X-34 landspeeder or Avengers Tower.

- Disney plans to release an interactive Marvel Studios experience.

- The device could enhance the viewing experience for live sports and theme park attractions.

- Analyst Ben Bajarin believes Vision Pro may fulfill Steve Jobs' vision for future television technology.

- Apple is only expecting to build 1 million units of Vision Pro initially.

- Bernstein analyst Toni Sacconaghi suggests that Apple may lack confidence in immediate consumer demand.

- Vision Pro's high cost may not deter business purchasers; compared to the 1984 Mac, expensive tech has found a market before.

- The author proposes an Index focusing on "deep human" superskills like focus, self-awareness, empathy, and complex communication.

Cybersecurity in Healthcare:

- Healthcare sector experienced 241 cyberattacks from Jan to Sept in one year, more than any other sector.

- UK NHS suffered costly ransomware attacks, including WannaCry, costing £92mn and disrupting services.

- Cyberattacks disrupted hospital systems in Germany and US, necessitating patient care adjustments.

- Hospitals' IT systems, often outdated, are vulnerable to cyber threats.

- Zero trust audits and antivirus/intrusion detection software can mitigate risks.

- US and UK governments have launched strategies to bolster healthcare cybersecurity.

- Specialized software protects critical hospital hardware against cyber threats.

- Government and industry actions are crucial to improve cybersecurity in healthcare.

- Cyber threats will continue to evolve, requiring ongoing defensive adaptation.

Chinese Defense Minister Investigation:

- General Li Shangfu, China's new defense minister and key military modernizer, is under a corruption investigation.

- Li has had a prominent role in China's military and space development and served as head of military procurement before becoming defense minister.

- His absence from public appearances and international meetings signals the investigation.

- The investigation details and the specific military equipment purchases under scrutiny are undisclosed.

- Li's position as defense minister is mainly diplomatic, and he holds a state councillor position, which outranks ministers.

- His relations with the US are strained, as he was sanctioned in 2018 for purchasing Russian arms.

- High-level Sino-American military communications have been tense, with China declining a US meeting request after Pelosi's Taiwan visit.

- Team Titan YouTube channel will release episodes on Jul 21, 28, Aug 4, 11, with the finale on Aug 25.

- Contestants face tech challenges based on a mystery theme related only on competition day, including programming AI models and AI functionalities.

- AI technology can revolutionize lives, streamline processes, ensure safety, and create a sustainable world.

- AI has impacted urban environments by optimizing route planning and reducing carbon emissions.

- Weather forecasting accuracy improved due to AI's deep-learning networks, aiding climate change management and disaster readiness.

- Understanding AI's potential and implications is critical for future careers.

- The NYTC enables students to develop tech and media skills, inspiring personal and educational growth.

- Chinese quant hedge funds are adopting ChatGPT-style AI tools for better decision-making in a challenging investment environment.

- ChatGPT-like tools help quants process text-related data and build trading models.

- Funds, like High-Flyer, invest in hardware for model-training, recognizing advanced AI as a significant innovation.

- China's regulators introduced draft measures giving oversight of AI technology.

- Global asset managers and hedge funds show interest in China's recovering economy and undervalued stock markets.

- Factors influencing investment in China include looser monetary policy, a 1 trillion yuan borrowing-and-spending plan, and policy support for the property sector.

- MSCI China index and inflows fluctuate, but foreign investment shows a light turnaround, with net inflows from Nov 2-8.

- Fidelity International and other funds find China's policies and valuations increasingly appealing, despite its challenges.

- Canadian government detected a "Spamouflage" disinformation campaign linked to China targeting MPs and the Prime Minister.

- Meta uncovered links between Chinese law enforcement and "Spamouflage" operation, removing thousands of related social media accounts.

- "Spamouflage" struggled to engage beyond its fabricated network, despite a presence on over 50 platforms.

- OpenAI's ChatGPT reached 100 million users within two months, becoming the fastest growing consumer app.

- ChatGPT inspired $27 billion in AI startup investment in 2023, with major tech firms focusing on AI milestones.

- AI experts called for a pause in developing powerful AI systems to study their societal impact.

- AI could contribute $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030, impacting various industries.

- Nvidia emerged as a significant beneficiary of the global AI race.

- OpenAI CEO Sam Altman was briefly fired but restored following employee threats of leaving.

- Q*, a top-secret AI model from OpenAI, was hinted at before Altman's temporary departure.

- Future AI regulation discussions are anticipated, with the EU AI Act draft due shortly, amid the largest election year.

- Concerns rise about AI-generated misinformation during elections, with 614 "unreliable" AI-generated sites tracked in 2023.- TikTok collaborates with local electoral commissions and civil society organizations to create Election Centres for trusted information.

- The company works with news checkers for educational videos about elections and misinformation.

- TikTok plans to expand its fact-checking network in Europe, adding nine more organizations and launching nine media literacy campaigns this year.

- Introduction of dedicated covert influence operations reports for transparency is planned in the coming months.

- The Beijing Internet Court ruled that AI-generated content by StabilityAI's software should have copyright protection based on the human creator's originality and intellectual input.

- The Pentagon's latest AI strategy aims for better battlefield decision-making amid competition with Beijing.

- The Singapore Armed Forces is incorporating AI into its command and control system for better decision-making.

- The Singapore MOD emphasizes AI's responsible use and has joined multilateral efforts like AI Partnership for Defense.

- Singapore continues active participation in AI technology, governance, and policy discussions internationally.

- The militarization of space is increasing, with countries developing anti-satellite weapons and the formation of entities like the US Space Force.

- There are concerns about space becoming a militarized zone, potentially leading to strategic miscalculations and escalations.

- The digital domain faces increasing cyberattacks, impacting critical infrastructure and society.

- Singapore's MOD and US Department of Defense have an agreement to improve cyber cooperation.

- The summit discusses the impact of disruptions and preparation for future ones, signifying the need for frameworks in the digital domain to prevent global catastrophes.

- US Senator Chuck Schumer will lead a bipartisan group to China, focused on improving US-China relations amid tensions between the two nations.

- The US aims to counter China's influence in lending through reforms in the World Bank and IMF, pledging US$25 billion and securing US$200 billion for developing countries.

- US agreements during the G20 summit in India and Vietnam are designed to reduce China's global influence and offer alternatives to the Belt and Road Initiative.

- Biden's agreements with India include collaboration in critical technologies and RIP and replace support for telecommunication networks, challenging Chinese telecom expansion.

- US investments in Vietnam aim to make it a key player in semiconductors, reducing dependency on China for supply chains.

- The US committed to provide US$2 million to Vietnam for semiconductor industry development and US$9 million to aid in maritime security and combat illegal fishing activities.- Gatten Sushi allows managers to purchase seasonal fish; menus vary by branch.

- Head of Purchasing Mochizuki Michiharu buys a mackerel weighing over 4kg.

- Branch manager Yutaka Maruka of Kazo City, a sushi chef, gets management tips from Junichi Matsumoto, manager at Gatten Sushi's flagship restaurant in Kumagaya City.

- Kura Sushi, the industry's second-largest chain, features the AI skipjack tuna, farmed domestically and fed via AI systems.

- At Kura Sushi's store in Asakusa, Tokyo, president Kunihiko Tanaka discusses the AI skipjack tuna farmed at Hiburi Island.

- Collaboration between Kura Sushi's Fishery Project Department Manager Masahiko Shimizu and Junya Takanabe of Takanabe Fisheries to farm skipjack tuna.

- Kura Sushi bred Japan’s first organic young yellowtail at Ena Fishing Port, Wakayama.

- Organic canned young yellowtail products are produced in a partnership between Kura Sushi and an organic canned food factory in Hokkaido.

- Various modern technologies like sushi rice ball machines and sushi-making robots are essential in the conveyor sushi industry.

- Suzumo Corporation, Tokyo, demonstrated a machine making 80 sushi rice balls per minute, and their sushi-making robot that holds a 70% market share in Japan.

- Gatten Sushi's menu includes unique options like sailfin poacher and barfin flounder and Kura Sushi specializes in domestically bred fish like organic young yellowtail.

- The Biden administration proposes regulation on U.S. cloud companies to identify foreign entities using data centers for AI model training.

- U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo highlights concerns over non-state actors or China misusing American cloud resources for AI.

- The proposed "know your customer" regulation requires U.S. cloud firms to verify foreign client identities and certify compliance annually.

- The push to regulate AI in the cloud is part of broader measures to prevent China from using U.S. technology to bolster its AI capabilities.

- The Red Sea is vital for Europe's energy imports and global trade, connecting Suez Canal with the Gulf of Aden.

- Attacks in the Red Sea lead to increased shipping insurance costs and implementation of war risk charges on shippers, but overall consumer price impact remains low.

- Although Houthi forces pose a threat, US and coalition warships keep the Red Sea open for commercial shipping.

- The Bank of England and Britain's Financial Conduct Authority propose regulations on financial firms' reliance on external technology companies for critical services.

- New rules would demand these 'critical third parties' to follow minimum resilience standards and manage risks.

- Deputy Governor Sam Woods of the Bank of England expresses interest in studying AI's impacts but is hesitant on specific AI regulations.

- The S&P 500 reached a record intra-day high due to optimism around AI's potential, particularly in the chip industry.- Li, a technocrat with an aerospace engineering background, worked on China's satellite program.

- He aimed to help People's Liberation Army (PLA) become a world-class military by 2049.

- In 2016, Li became deputy commander of the PLA's Strategic Support Force to boost space and cyber warfare capabilities.

- Li headed the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission and faced sanctions for purchasing Russian military equipment.

- The department took steps to "clean up" its bidding process in July, under Li's leadership until October 2022.

- Li has ties to Xi Jinping and possibly Zhang Youxia, a close military ally of Xi.

- There is an abundance of Chinese military officials who could fill the defense minister role.

- Importance of China's military diplomacy remains a question amid regional tensions.

SCBAM's Achievements and Strategy:

- SCBAM won "Thailand's Most Astute Investor" and "Top Investment House" at The Asset Benchmark Research Awards 2020.

- Best Asset Manager at Alpha Southeast Asia Fund Management Awards 2021.

- SCBAM is focusing on data-driven analytics and digital transformation, investing in machine learning, automated portfolio management, and more.

- SCBAM transformed its portfolio, with high-value funds growing from 15% to 40% of its assets by May 2022.

- SCBAM is Thailand's largest mutual fund company, with Siam Commercial Bank holding 99.99% shares.

- It adheres to a strict code of ethics and offers a broad range of investment management services.

- The company has a disciplined investment culture with checks and balances and a diversified, largely female team with a median age of 37.

- SCBAM emphasizes risk management, addressing operational, market, and credit risks.

Big Data, AI, and Fintech in SCBAM:

- Fintech is transforming the financial services industry, with 2.5 quintillion bytes of data generated daily.

- Machine learning is key to analyzing big data, optimizing financial solutions, and enhancing customer experience.

- SCBAM has incorporated ML in its investment strategy and developed in-house ML-driven mutual funds.

- SCBAM is leveraging digital and mobile platforms for customer engagement, exemplified by its SCBAM Fund Click app.

Healthcare and AI in Southeast Asia:

- Southeast Asian healthcare workers, like nurses, acknowledge the human aspect of their roles can't be replaced by AI.

- AI tools are developed to take on administrative healthcare tasks to reduce workers' load.

- There's a predicted risk by 2040 that AI could threaten jobs, as it reaches human-level cognition.

- There are initiatives to regulate AI's development and promote upskilling for workers to adapt.

Japan's Sushi Chains and Challenges:

- The article discusses sushi chains in Japan and the growth in conveyor belt sushi market over the past 10 years.

- Difficulty in sourcing fish from overseas is a challenge for these companies.

- Gatten Sushi and Kura Sushi are two chains examined; Gatten Sushi is known for diverse menu options.

- Gatten Sushi has about 90 branches and is present in countries like Korea and China.

- Lifelong learning has become an important focus for universities, which now offer mentorship programs, career guidance, and opportunities for networking with industry experts to provide essential insights.

- Universities are adapting by offering multiple entry points for different age demographics, including part-time degrees for working adults and modular course offerings.

- Mr. Tay emphasizes that learning should no longer be 'purely front-loaded' but should involve a rotating model between education and work throughout one's career to address the rapid change in workplace skills.

- Despite university efforts, experts like the former SHRI president, Mr. Tan, caution that the conservative and structured nature of educational institutions makes them resistant to rapid changes.

- Issues such as the tenure system and intellectual inertia are seen as barriers to reform, preventing updates to teaching methods and course content.

- Practitioner-academics, with relevant industry experience, are often sidelined by pure academics resistant to incorporating practical realities into education.

- The slow pace of curriculum updates at Institutions of Higher Learning (IHLs) has led to an increase in student enrollment in short courses from private providers like Le Wagon, with its student numbers growing from 157 in the year following its 2013 launch to 3,570 last year.

- Le Wagon's Mr. Schuler points out that university graduates often lack actionable skills for tech projects, leading them to join boot camps to gain these skills.

- Undergraduates are taking extra courses from external academies to enhance job prospects and be competitive in the job market, with final-year students like Mr. Aqil Lim taking courses on various subjects, such as data analytics, to better prepare for career opportunities.

- Graduates from non-tech fields, such as Miss Rachel Toh, have transitioned into tech careers after taking short coding boot camps.

- Though additional courses are valuable, a degree program is still seen as crucial for providing fundamental discipline knowledge and opportunities to network with peers.

- Short skill-focused courses are good for specific skills, but a broad education and the exchange of ideas with peers that a university offers are essential for a wider perspective.

- Graduates, like Mr. Lai Kah Seng, acknowledge the value of a degree in providing basic industry knowledge that is still relevant in the workplace.- The S&P 500 has yet to reach a new record high since its peak at 4,796.56 points on Jan. 3, 2022.

- The Nasdaq has been flat for the year after a 43% surge in 2023, standing less than 6% below its record high of 16,212.229 points.

- Investors anticipate central banks in the West might shift from raising to cutting interest rates.

- Global stock markets rallied and government bond yields dropped recently, despite warnings from central bankers.

- Markets are pricing in a "perfect landing" for the U.S. economy by the Federal Reserve, balancing inflation control and avoiding a recession.

- The U.S. economy's resilience is partly due to pandemic savings and investment inflows, though there's skepticism among investors and executives about a smooth economic outcome.

- Political tensions, pandemic savings depletion, and the upcoming U.S. elections contribute to economic uncertainty.

- Investors speculate the Fed might reduce rates by up to 1.5% by the end of 2024, yet policy rates would remain around 4%, above the neutral rate.

- Several risks loom in 2024, including wars, geopolitical tensions reversing globalization, and elections that could disrupt the world order.

WHY IT MATTERS:

- Interest rates influence economic growth, asset prices, and borrowing costs.

- Higher rates diminish the appeal of riskier assets and can lead to the bursting of financial bubbles.

- A regional banking crisis last March illustrated the consequences of riskier investment failures and business retrenchment.

WHAT IT MEANS FOR 2024:

- As higher interest rates continue, debt restructuring will be necessary for companies and possibly countries.

- An increase in corporate bankruptcies and the impact on sectors like commercial real estate is projected.

- Consumers will need to adjust to higher borrowing costs.

- The adaptation to higher interest rates is a critical challenge for investors and the economy.

Kampung Pong and Rare Earth Elements in Malaysia:

- Kampung Pong, located near Perak, Malaysia, is rich in natural resources like barite, tin ore, precious metals, and gold.

- The village, with about 200 residents, is close to a new NR-REE mining project that started in March 2022.

- Rare earth elements are used in consumer electronics and critical for green infrastructure and EVs.

- China dominates the rare earth market, producing and processing the majority of the global supply.

- Malaysia aims to develop its rare earth industry as part of HGHV sector initiatives, with PM Anwar Ibrahim announcing a ban on rare earth raw material exports for maximizing domestic returns.

- A new National Mineral Policy will foster sustainable and responsible mining.

- The rare earth industry is expected to contribute RM9.5 billion to Malaysia’s GDP in 2025 and create 7,000 jobs.

- Malaysia has an estimated 16.2 million tonnes of NR-REE, valued up to US$182 billion.

- Cabinet has agreed on SOP for NR-REE mining, awaiting a finalized comprehensive rare earth industry policy.

Singapore Fiscal Sustainability:

- Singapore's 2022 Budget focuses on fiscal sustainability after heavy COVID-19 expenses.

- Possible tax changes are anticipated, notably the planned GST hike to support an ageing population.

- Singapore is considering fiscal sustainability like the UK and Indonesia.

- Singapore has faced budget deficits of S$75 billion and reserve draws equivalent to 20 years of surpluses over the past two years.

- Government spending has been outpacing tax revenue growth, leading to negative primary balances.

- With expenditures set to rise, establishing a sustainable revenue source is essential.

- Healthcare spending, for instance, is projected to increase from 2.2% to 3% of GDP by 2030.

- Tax revenue adjusts may occur, but with limited scope to avoid affecting Singapore’s competitiveness.

- The GST hike is deemed necessary, with inflation concerns likely not to prevent it.

- Wealth tax changes may center on property-related measures.

US-China Tech Investment Restrictions:

- The US is contemplating new restrictions on investments in China involving sensitive technology.

- A House subcommittee hearing follows President Biden's order to limit US investments in selected Chinese tech sectors.

- Investment trends are shifting from consumer internet to "hard-tech" in China.

- Funds are diversifying investments to mitigate risks related to China's regulatory environment and geopolitical tensions.

NTU and Facebook Collaboration:

- In 2020, NTU and Facebook launched a pilot program offering certificates to upskill talent for the data center industry.

SUSS and Huawei Partnership:

- In 2019, SUSS partnered with Huawei for an ICT academy in Singapore due to a shortage of ICT professionals.

- Universities are encouraged to partner with industry to align curriculums with emerging job competencies and future roles.

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